Comparative Geographical Analysis of Tourism and Recreation Management Models in National Nature Parks
Keywords:
National nature park, tourism, recreation, management model, public-private partnership, community-based management, functional zoning, carrying capacity, environmental monitoring, sustainable tourism.Abstract
The article presents a comparative geographical analysis of international management models for tourism and recreation in national nature parks. Funding sources, environmental control mechanisms, advantages and limitations of state-led, public-private partnership and community-based management models are systematized. Based on sustainable tourism and ecotourism concepts, the study substantiates the role of functional zoning, regulation of recreational load and carrying capacity, minimal adaptive infrastructure, environmental education and local community participation. For Uzbekistan, an integrated approach combining the strengths of the reviewed models is proposed.
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