International Journal of Scientific Trends
International Journal of Scientific Trends- (IJST) is an open-access, peer-reviewed international journal. This scientific journal covers the multidisciplinary areas of study. The journal is published monthly (12 Issues per Year). The journal follows a double-blind peer review to ensure the quality of the published articles. The journal covers scientific trends and applied/ natural sciences studies. IJST is an interdisciplinary scientific journal. It aims to contribute to applied research and knowledge globally through published papers. The authors are requested to send original, high-quality research articles in following areas: Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences Dentistry Physical Therapy Veterinary Medicine Basic and biological sciences include biology, molecular biology, biotechnology, chemistry, physics, biophysics, geology, astronomy, and environmental science. Mathematics, Engineering, and Computer Sciences Physical Education and Sports Science Agricultural Science The journal covers original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, Case studies, reports, letters, and commentaries. It provides free open access to the published articles, permitting users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, and search the full text. The copyrights of the published work are given to the authors. Publication Frequency: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) Accepted Language: English ISSN (Online): 2980-4299 ISSN (Print): 2980-4329 SJIF : 6.531 ResearchBib: 8.65
Phenology of Origanum Tyttanthum Gontsch (Small-Flowered Oregano)
This article investigates the phenological development of the medicinal plant Origanum tyttanthum Gontsch. under introduction conditions. The study comparatively analyzed the effects of autumn and spring planting periods, as well as different planting schemes (45 × 30 cm, 60 × 30 cm, and 90 × 30 cm), on the growth and development of the plant during the first, second, and third years of vegetation. Based on phenological observations, changes in plant height, stem diameter, number and size of leaves, and the number of lateral shoots throughout the vegetation period were determined. The results demonstrated that the autumn planting period combined with the 90 × 30 cm planting scheme provided the most favorable conditions for morphological development, vegetative growth, and biomass production of Origanum tyttanthum Gontsch.
Origanum tyttanthum Gontsch., small-flowered oregano, phenology, introduction, vegetation period, planting time, planting scheme, morphological characteristics, growth dynamics, medicinal plants, biomass, autumn planting, spring planting.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Verification of the Efficiency of Future Teachers' Meta-Competencies Using an Integrative Approach
This article examines the issues of methodological verification of the effectiveness of developing the metacompetence of future primary school teachers based on an integrative approach. Within the framework of the study, the patterns of transition from the traditional reproductive education paradigm to the cognitive-reflexive model were analyzed based on empirical indicators. In the process of pedagogical monitoring, the levels of metacognitive monitoring, optimization of problem situations, and professional autonomy of respondents were differentiated. The statistical stability and reliability of the final results obtained were verified using mathematical and statistical criteria, and the pedagogical invariance of the proposed methodology was proven.
Integrative approach, meta-competence, future primary school teacher, pedagogical monitoring, methodological verification, cognitive transfer.
The Ancient Foundations of the “Enlightened Society” Concept
This article analyzes the content of the concept of an enlightened society and the initial stages of its transformation into one of the most pressing topics in the history of social and philosophical teachings. In this process, the views of ancient Eastern and Western civilizations, particularly the "Avesta," ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian sources, Confucianism, ancient Indian philosophy, and ancient Greek thinkers, were studied.
Enlightened society, ancient civilizations, primitive society, primitive culture, Avesta, ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian sources, Confucianism, ancient Indian philosophy, ancient Greek philosophy, human development.
Legal Mechanisms for Improving the Qualifications and Potential of Civil Servants
The formation of human capital within the system of state authorities is not limited to the selection of personnel and their appointment to positions. In modern public administration, human capital is regarded as a dynamic resource that must be continuously renewed and developed. From this perspective, the system of retraining and advanced training of civil servants is one of the central legal mechanisms for the development of human capital.
Scientific and Theoretical Foundations of the Powers of a Court of First Instance to Administer Justice in Administrative Proceedings
This article examines the views and opinions of scholars and practitioners regarding the scientific and theoretical foundations of the first instance court's authority to administer justice in administrative proceedings. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive discussion of foreign practices in this field.
Administrative court, first instance, administrative proceedings, public law disputes, justice, authority
Life Imprisonment as a Criminal Punishment: Comparative Perspectives
This article examines the role of life imprisonment in criminal justice systems and its application across different national legal frameworks through a comparative legal analysis. The study analyses relevant legislative norms of European, American, Asian and Central Asian countries, including the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author considers the compatibility of life imprisonment with the principles of humanism and the protective purposes of criminal law, reviewing both retributive and rehabilitative justifications for this form of punishment.
Life imprisonment, criminal punishment, comparative law, purposes of punishment, rehabilitation, alternative to death penalty, humanism, legal reform, criminal policy, international law.
Regulation And Supervision of Crypto-Asset Circulation: Mechanisms for Preventing Legal Violations in International Practice
The rapid growth of crypto-assets has raised serious concerns about financial crimes, including money laundering, fraud, and market manipulation. This article comparatively analyzes the legal frameworks regulating crypto-asset circulation across the EU, the US, the UK, Singapore, and Uzbekistan, as well as international standards set by the FATF.
Crypto-assets, regulation, supervision, AML/CFT, FATF, virtual asset service providers, blockchain, DeFi, regulatory technology, international financial law, Uzbekistan.
Arbitration as an Effective Mechanism For Resolving Corporate Disputes in the Modern Business Environment
The growing complexity of modern business relations has led to a significant increase in corporate disputes involving shareholders, management bodies, investors, and commercial partners. Traditional litigation is often criticized for its lengthy procedures, high costs, and public nature, which can negatively impact a company's reputation and business continuity. Consequently, arbitration has become one of the most effective alternative mechanisms for resolving corporate conflicts. This article examines the legal nature, advantages, limitations, and current trends in the development of arbitration in corporate dispute resolution. Using analytical and comparative approaches, the study evaluates arbitration as an alternative to litigation, focusing on its efficiency, confidentiality, flexibility, and international applicability. The paper also examines emerging trends such as online dispute resolution, the use of artificial intelligence, institutional reforms, and third-party financing. The study argues that, despite certain challenges, arbitration remains one of the most suitable mechanisms for resolving complex corporate disputes in a globalized economy.
Arbitration, corporate disputes, alternative dispute resolution, corporate governance, commercial arbitration, international arbitration, corporate law, dispute resolution, arbitral award, commercial conflicts.
Legal and Corporate Approaches to Resolving Impasse Situations in Corporate Practice: Comparative Analysis and Perspectives For Modern Corporate Practice
Corporate impasse — one of the most difficult problems in modern corporate management. It occurs when shareholders or directors cannot reach an agreement on issues that are important to the functioning and development of the company. Such situations are especially common in companies with a limited number of shareholders, family enterprises and joint ventures, where ownership rights and votes are distributed equally. Corporate deadlock can lead to paralysis of decision-making, financial losses, damage to reputation, litigation and even liquidation of the company. In this article, the concept, causes, consequences and legal mechanisms of corporate deadlock are discussed based on a comparative analysis of the practice of corporate governance in Romania, Spain and Great Britain. Special attention is paid to shareholder agreements, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms and contractual provisions on share buybacks, such as the "Russian Roulette" and "Texas Shootout" clauses. In the study, it is argued that preventive management mechanisms are more effective than judicial means of protection after the conflict. Кроме, продаються recommendations on improving the framework of corporate governance and minimizing the risks of deadlock in modern corporations.
Deadlock situation in the corporate sector, corporate management, shareholder agreements, alternative dispute resolution, clause about
Digital Transformation Processes in the Banking Services Market and Issues of Retail Segment Development
This article analyzes the essence of digital transformation processes in the banking services market, their impact on the development of retail banking services, and current trends in the sector. Furthermore, it examines the opportunities to improve the quality, speed, and convenience of customer service resulting from the implementation of digital technologies. The study identifies pressing issues and promising directions for developing the retail segment within the banking system of Uzbekistan, and formulates proposals and recommendations aimed at further improving digital banking services.
Communicative competence, reflexive approach, primary school pupils, English language education, speech activity, reflective learning, communicative environment, learner autonomy, communicative skills, foreign language teaching.
The Content of the Process of Developing Primary School Pupils’ Communicative Competence in English Language Education
This article examines the theoretical, psychological, and pedagogical foundations of developing communicative competence in primary school pupils within English language education. Particular attention is paid to the role of the reflexive approach as a pedagogical mechanism that enables learners to plan, analyze, evaluate, and improve their own speech activity. The study analyzes the scientific views of leading psychologists and educators concerning speech activity, communication, motivation, and cognitive development. It identifies the main pedagogical conditions necessary for communicative competence development, including learner-centered instruction, authentic communicative situations, reflective activities, supportive communicative environments, and the consideration of age-related characteristics of young learners.
Gamification and Student Motivation in Freshman English Speaking Classes
This study investigates the effects of gamification on the speaking motivation of freshman EFL students at Tashkent International University of Finance and Technology (TIFT), Uzbekistan. Employing a mixed-methods design that combined Likert-scale questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations, the research examined students' responses to four gamification tools and activities: Kahoot!, Quizlet, Quizizz, and structured debates. Findings indicate that digital gamification platforms, particularly Quizlet and Quizizz, significantly enhanced students' motivation and engagement, while debate activities produced more varied responses. Students expressed a strong desire for continued gamification integration while simultaneously recognising its limitations as a substitute for authentic communicative practice. These results suggest that gamification is most effective when deployed strategically as a motivational scaffold within a broader communicative language teaching framework.
Gamification, EFL, speaking motivation, freshman students, Kahoot!, Quizlet, Uzbekistan.
Decoding Color Symbolism Within Mystical Discourse: Perspectives from Western Literature
Color symbolism serves as a foundational semiotic framework within Western mystical literature, transcending mere aesthetic ornamentation to function as a direct vehicle for metaphysical expression. This study decodes the semantic structures of primary colors—specifically red, white, and black—within mystical discourses spanning medieval hermeticism to late modern esoteric texts. Employing a qualitative hermeneutic approach integrated with structural semiotics, this paper analyzes how spiritual authors utilized color to articulate ineffable transcendent experiences and structural cosmological hierarchies. The text provides a rigorous text-based evaluation of primary materials, analyzing the structural transitions between theological states. The findings demonstrate that colors in mystical discourse operate as dualistic signifiers, bridging the finite human intellect with absolute transcendent realities through a systematic linguistic progression. Ultimately, this research provides an expanded, systematized framework for decoding the visual rhetoric and linguistic parameters of Western esoteric traditions.
Color Symbolism, Mystical Discourse, Western Esotericism, Semiotics, Hermeneutics, Metaphysical Language, Textual Semantics.
Causes and Grounds of The Distortion of Perceptions About Islam in Modern Media
This article examines the historical, ideological, and socio-political factors that have contributed to the distortion of perceptions about Islam in modern media. The study investigates the roots of Islamophobic narratives and stereotypical representations of Islam that have developed over centuries and continue to influence contemporary public discourse. Particular attention is paid to the role of medieval Christian polemics, Orientalist scholarship, missionary literature, Soviet atheistic propaganda, and modern mass communication technologies in shaping negative images of Islam and Muslims. The research employs a historical-analytical methodology to explore how political conflicts, civilizational rivalries, and ideological agendas have affected the portrayal of Islam in Europe, Russia, and the post-Soviet space. The article analyzes the intellectual foundations of Orientalism and its influence on the production of knowledge about Islam, highlighting how Eurocentric perspectives often generated biased interpretations that became deeply embedded in academic and public consciousness. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of Soviet anti-religious campaigns, which systematically promoted negative attitudes toward religion in general and Islam in particular, leaving a lasting legacy in public perceptions.Special consideration is given to the contemporary media environment, including social networks, citizen journalism, and digital communication platforms. While these technologies have expanded access to information and facilitated intercultural dialogue, they have also accelerated the spread of misinformation, disinformation, and unverified religious content. The article argues that sensationalized media coverage, the misuse of concepts such as “radical Islam,” and the activities of extremist groups have contributed to the persistence of negative stereotypes that associate Islam with violence, intolerance, and opposition to modernity. Such representations hinder constructive dialogue between different religious and cultural communities and reinforce social prejudices. The findings demonstrate that distorted perceptions of Islam are not solely the result of contemporary media practices but are deeply rooted in historical narratives, political interests, and ideological conflicts. The study concludes that overcoming these misconceptions requires the active participation of Muslim scholars, the publication of academically grounded research, constructive cooperation with media institutions, the development of responsible digital communication, and the dissemination of reliable information based on authentic Islamic sources. These measures can contribute to a more balanced and objective understanding of Islam in the modern information age.
Islamophobia, Media Representation, Orientalism, Religious Stereotypes, Digital Communication, Islamic Studies.
The Importance of Financial Support Mechanisms in the Development of Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship
This article analyzes the importance of financial support mechanisms in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. Small enterprises are considered as an important source of employment, local production, innovation, competition and household income growth. However, limited access to finance remains one of the main barriers to their stable development. The article examines bank loans, microfinance, credit guarantees, leasing, subsidies, venture financing, business grants and financial literacy programs as instruments that help entrepreneurs overcome capital shortages and expand economic activity. It is argued that financial support becomes effective only when it is combined with transparent selection criteria, business training, risk assessment, institutional trust and post-financing monitoring.
Small business, private entrepreneurship, financial support, access to finance, microfinance, credit guarantee.
Professional Footballers' Image Rights and Civil-Law Instruments in Their Commercialization
T This thesis analyzes the civil-law nature of professional footballers' image rights, the mechanisms of their commercialization, and international practices. Through this comprehensive review, scientifically grounded proposals and conclusions are formulated to improve the legal regulation of this domain within the Republic of Uzbekistan. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the primary regulatory models governing players' image rights across Western nations, specifically England, Spain, and Germany. Furthermore, it explores contemporary commercialization tools based on licensing agreements, spin-off companies, franchising, and Non-Fungible Token (NFT) technologies. In light of the legal reforms implemented in Uzbekistan between 2020 and 2026, de lege ferenda proposals aimed at establishing an institutional framework for image rights are put forward.
Image rights, personal rights of a footballer, commercial license, intellectual property, spin-off company, NFT, Uzbek sports law, foreign experience, civil-law instruments, de lege ferenda.
The Role of the Russian Language in the Formation of Interethnic Communication in the Turkestan Region in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries
This article examines the role of the Russian language in the formation and development of interethnic communication in the Turkestan region during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study analyzes the historical, political, social, and cultural factors that contributed to the spread of the Russian language among the diverse ethnic groups of Turkestan under the administration of the Russian Empire. Particular attention is paid to the educational reforms, the emergence of Russian-native schools, administrative institutions, military structures, trade relations, and the activities of the Jadid movement. The article argues that the Russian language gradually became a significant means of communication among representatives of different nationalities, facilitating intercultural interaction and access to modern knowledge while simultaneously influencing local linguistic and cultural processes. The research employs historical-comparative and socio-linguistic methods to evaluate the impact of Russian-language policies on the multilingual environment of Turkestan. The findings demonstrate that the Russian language served not only as an instrument of colonial administration but also as a bridge for interethnic communication, contributing to the formation of new social identities and intellectual networks in the region.
Russian language, Turkestan, interethnic communication, multilingualism, Russian Empire, Jadidism, education, colonial policy, language contact, Central Asia.
Social Factors Affecting Family Relations: Conflict Situations and Some Considerations on Their Elimination (In The Case of Uzbek Families)
Uzbek families are changing from a traditional family that has been living with their children for many years to an increase in the number of small nuclear families. In the process, we can see the struggle between traditionalism and modernity in families. The article examines the existence of the family as a social institution and analyzes the reasons for the separation of the family through sociological studies. Family divorces have recently become global and are the focus of lawyers, demographers, economists, sociologists, psychologists, and representatives from all lifestyles. To eliminate it, many social, economic and political measures are being implemented. However, statistics show that the number of family disputes is increasing. The social consequences of divorce are not only harm to the husband and wife, but also the negative aspects of children growing up without a mother or father, including the fact that children grow up with a restless heart, a broken heart, depressed spirit, suffering from life, and prone to crime. Contradictory factors in Uzbek families are shown and their genesis is studied. Diagnosis of the causes of family conflicts is carried out and the author's relationship is reported. The article presents the results and observations of sociological studies. According to the results of the study, the impact of social factors such as deficiencies in the preparation of young people for family life, the origin of family conflicts, psychological differences between spouses, the impact of reproductive function disorders on Uzbek family life and economic difficulties in the family were covered. In Uzbekistan, the updated constitution and legislation analyzed reforms aimed at preventing domestic violence, inevitable punishment, strengthening responsibility and developed an effective mechanism of activity "youth-parents-social environment-neighborhood-educational institutions-NGOs-Institutional base-scientific-practical-research centers-state = ensuring family strength".
Social institution, exchange of generations, family and community relations, family conflict, negative vices, socio-psychological, empirical research, environment in the family.
Uzbekistan's Strategy for Transitioning to a Green Economy: Institutional Framework, Opportunities and Development Challenges
This article examines Uzbekistan’s strategy for transitioning to a green economy, focusing on its institutional foundations, development opportunities, and existing challenges. The study analyzes the policy and regulatory framework established to support sustainable economic growth, environmental protection, and efficient resource utilization. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the national Green Economy Strategy for 2019–2030, renewable energy development, energy efficiency improvements, and environmental modernization initiatives. The research identifies significant opportunities related to solar and wind energy potential, green investments, technological innovation, and international cooperation. At the same time, several institutional, financial, technological, and infrastructural barriers that may hinder the successful implementation of green economic reforms are discussed. The findings suggest that strengthening governance mechanisms, enhancing financial support, and promoting green technologies are essential for achieving sustainable development goals. The article concludes with recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of Uzbekistan’s green transformation process.
Green economy, sustainable development, renewable energy, environmental policy, green investments, energy efficiency, climate change, institutional reforms, ecological sustainability, Uzbekistan.
Elements of National Thinking in The Philosophical Heritage of Tilab Mahmudov
This article examines the elements of national thinking in the philosophical heritage of Tilab Mahmudov. The thinker’s views on national values, moral and spiritual education, aesthetic consciousness, and youth development are analyzed from a scientific and theoretical perspective. Particular attention is paid to the issues of national identity, historical memory, and cultural heritage reflected in his works. The study substantiates that Tilab Mahmudov’s philosophical ideas serve as an important source for the development of national thinking in contemporary society.
Tilab Mahmudov, national thinking, philosophical heritage, spirituality, national values, aesthetic consciousness, youth education, cultural heritage, national identity, moral education.
Administrative and Legal Measures to Ensure Public Safety in Railway Transport
This article examines the administrative and legal measures for ensuring public safety in railway transport. It analyzes the current regulatory framework, the activities of competent authorities, and the mechanisms for their interaction. The study also provides recommendations for improving safety through the adoption of international best practices and the implementation of digital management approaches. The effectiveness of these measures ensures the safe, stable, and efficient operation of the railway transport system.
Railway transport, public safety, administrative and legal regulation, regulatory framework, state authorities, institutional cooperation, digital technologies, international experience.
Linguocultural Equivalence in the Translation of Metaphorical Terms Analysis in English and Uzbek
The translation of metaphorical terminology represents one of the most challenging issues in contemporary translation studies because metaphorical terms carry not only conceptual and terminological meanings but also linguocultural information embedded in the source language. As scientific and technological communication becomes increasingly globalized, the need for accurate and culturally appropriate translation of metaphorical terms has gained particular importance. This study examines the linguocultural equivalence of metaphorical terms in English and Uzbek, focusing on the translation strategies used to preserve conceptual, semantic, and cultural meanings. The research is based on a corpus of 180 metaphorical terms collected from technological dictionaries, digital platforms, specialized glossaries, and bilingual terminological resources. The analysis investigates anthropomorphic, naturomorphic, and artifact metaphors and evaluates the degree to which their metaphorical imagery is retained, adapted, or transformed in translation. The findings demonstrate that successful translation depends not only on semantic correspondence but also on the preservation of culturally relevant conceptual models. While many metaphorical terms maintain a high degree of equivalence due to universal cognitive mechanisms, others require linguocultural adaptation to ensure communicative effectiveness in the target language. The study contributes to terminology studies, translation theory, and linguoculturology by proposing an integrated framework for evaluating metaphorical term translation in multilingual contexts.
Metaphorical terminology, linguocultural equivalence, translation studies, computer terminology, anthropomorphic metaphor, naturomorphic metaphor, artifact metaphor, English language, Uzbek language, comparative linguistics.
Legal Regulation of Personal Data Protection for Minors in The Digital Environment: A Comparative Legal Analysis
The article examines the legal mechanisms for protecting minors’ personal data in the digital environment. A comparative legal analysis of key foreign regulatory models is conducted: GDPR (EU), Children’s Code (UK), COPPA (USA), LGPD (Brazil) and PIPL (China). Systemic gaps in the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan are identified, and specific proposals for the adoption of a special law on the protection of children's and adolescents' personal data are formulated.
Personal data, minors, digital environment, protection of children's data, GDPR, COPPA, Children’s Code, legislation of Uzbekistan, right to be forgotten, profiling.
The Phenomenon of Human Dignity in New Uzbekistan
This article analyzes the phenomenon of human dignity in New Uzbekistan within the framework of the social state concept. The new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which officially recognizes the country as a social state, is considered as a solid legal foundation for ensuring human rights and freedoms. The article reveals the priority of the principle “human – society – state” in public policy, the improvement of the social protection system, the development of civil society institutions, and the essence of reforms aimed at enhancing human dignity. In addition, the philosophical and theoretical foundations of the social state are examined based on the views of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The results of the study show that ensuring human interests is a key priority in the process of building a social state.
Human dignity, social state, New Uzbekistan, Constitution, civil society, social protection, rights and freedoms, state policy, social justice, development strategy, human interests.
Paradigms of Harmony Between National Traditions and Modernization in The Renewing Uzbek Society
This article analyzes the socio-philosophical paradigms of harmony between national traditions and modernization processes in the renewing society of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the preservation of national values and adaptation to the requirements of modern development in the context of globalization, digitalization, and social transformation. The author evaluates national traditions as an important factor ensuring the spiritual stability of society and interprets modernization not only as a technical and economic process but also as a process of cultural and spiritual renewal. The article also reveals the philosophical essence of the principle of "national form and modern content". Within the framework of the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan, the dialectical connection between national identity, the preservation of spiritual heritage, and ensuring innovative development has been scientifically substantiated. The research results demonstrate the theoretical and practical significance of ensuring the harmony of tradition and modernization within the national development model.
New Uzbekistan, tradition, modernization, harmony, paradigms, globalization, stability, changes, national form, modern content, modern approaches.
The Interconnection and Distinctive Features of Goals and Mechanisms for Achieving the Human Rights of Specific Categories in Legal Norms
For the first time, Article 54 of our Constitution establishes that ensuring human rights and freedoms is the supreme goal of the state. In this direction, our country is actively harmonizing its national legal framework with universally recognized norms of international law. Ensuring human rights and serving humanity as a whole constitutes the core mission of the United Nations and its bodies.
Synergetic Interpretation of Natural-Philosophical Ideas in Medieval Muslim Philosophy: The Legacy of Al-Biruni
The article examines the emergence and conceptual grounding of natural-philosophical ideas in medieval Muslim philosophy, their connection with ancient scientific and philosophical traditions, and their manifestation in al-Biruni's thought as a new methodological synthesis. The central argument is that the Peripatetic, naturalist, kalam-atomist and other intellectual trends of the Muslim East should not be interpreted only as rival schools. They should also be understood as interacting components of a complex synergetic system that explains the relations between being, nature and human experience. Using the IMRAD format, the research applies historical-philosophical reconstruction, comparative conceptual analysis, hermeneutic interpretation and synergetic modelling. The findings show that al-Biruni's natural-philosophical worldview combines empirical observation, critical reasoning, logical argumentation and systemic interpretation. The article substantiates the need to move beyond one-sided materialist or purely theological readings of medieval Muslim philosophy and to study it as an open, complex and dynamic system of knowledge.
Al-Biruni, natural philosophy, Muslim philosophy, synergetics, being, atomism, Peripatetics, naturalists, substantial concept, relational concept.
Integrated Model of Protecting Children's Rights in The Context of Digital Transformation
This article examines the issues of protecting children’s rights and ensuring legal security in the context of digital transformation in Uzbekistan. The study analyzes the impact of digital technologies on children’s rights, including cyberbullying, harmful online content, violations of personal data privacy, and digital safety challenges. International experiences and national legislation are comparatively studied to identify existing legal and institutional problems in the field. The research substantiates the necessity of integrating legal guarantees with legal education mechanisms in order to effectively protect children in the digital environment. Based on the analysis, an integrated model combining state policy, educational institutions, family, law enforcement agencies, digital platforms, and civil society institutions is proposed. The article emphasizes that strengthening digital literacy and legal awareness among children, parents, and teachers is an essential component of ensuring children’s rights in the digital age. The findings of the study may contribute to improving national legislation and developing preventive mechanisms for children’s digital safety.
Digital transformation, child rights, digital law, cybersecurity, cyberbullying, digital literacy, legal education, online safety, legal guarantees, personal data protection.
Contexts of Ensuring Ecological Stability in The Process of Global Political Threats
This article provides ideas about the current global threats, their forms of formation, scale and impact on humanity. In the last twenty years, the struggles and conflicts for water, called “Blue Gold”, which is considered the greatest threat to humanity, are analyzed. Possible forecasts are given about the scale and estimated damage of this problem for developing countries.
Water, global threat, security and stability, “Blue Gold”, water shortage, water conflicts between countries.
Data Breaches and Cyberattacks as a Systemic Threat to Information Security in the Context of Digital Transformation
In the context of the rapid development of digital technologies, accompanied by a significant expansion in the scale of collection, storage, and processing of personal data, the issue of ensuring their confidentiality and security is becoming particularly relevant and is emerging as one of the key challenges of the modern information society. This article examines the essential characteristics of data breaches and cyberattacks, provides a comprehensive analysis of their causes and consequences, and also studies a cyber incident that occurred in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2026. Special attention is paid to identifying systemic vulnerabilities and developing practice-oriented approaches to improving the level of information security of consumers of digital services.
Information security, data breach, cyberattacks, personal data, digital transformation, cyber threats, information protection, cyber incidents, data confidentiality, consumers of digital services, government information systems