International Journal of Scientific Trends
type: channel
description: International Journal of Scientific Trends- (IJST) is an open-access, peer-reviewed international journal. This scientific journal covers the multidisciplinary areas of study. The journal is published monthly (12 Issues per Year). The journal follows a double-blind peer review to ensure the quality of the published articles. The journal covers scientific trends and applied/ natural sciences studies. IJST is an interdisciplinary scientific journal. It aims to contribute to applied research and knowledge globally through published papers. The authors are requested to send original, high-quality research articles in following areas: Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences Dentistry Physical Therapy Veterinary Medicine Basic and biological sciences include biology, molecular biology, biotechnology, chemistry, physics, biophysics, geology, astronomy, and environmental science. Mathematics, Engineering, and Computer Sciences Physical Education and Sports Science Agricultural Science The journal covers original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, Case studies, reports, letters, and commentaries. It provides free open access to the published articles, permitting users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, and search the full text. The copyrights of the published work are given to the authors. Publication Frequency: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) Accepted Language: English ISSN (Online): 2980-4299 ISSN (Print): 2980-4329 SJIF : 6.531 ResearchBib: 8.65
publisher: Scientific Trends
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Scientific Trends
issn: 2980-4329
items: Legal Regulation of Personal Data Protection for Minors in The Digital Environment: A Comparative Legal Analysis
items: The Phenomenon of Human Dignity in New Uzbekistan
items: Paradigms of Harmony Between National Traditions and Modernization in The Renewing Uzbek Society
items: The Interconnection and Distinctive Features of Goals and Mechanisms for Achieving the Human Rights of Specific Categories in Legal Norms
items: Synergetic Interpretation of Natural-Philosophical Ideas in Medieval Muslim Philosophy: The Legacy of Al-Biruni
items: Integrated Model of Protecting Children's Rights in The Context of Digital Transformation
items: Contexts of Ensuring Ecological Stability in The Process of Global Political Threats
items: Data Breaches and Cyberattacks as a Systemic Threat to Information Security in the Context of Digital Transformation
items: Civil-Law Regulation of the Circulation of Precious Metals and Gemstones, Issues of Their Processing, and Prospects for the Development of the Industry in Uzbekistan
items: Negotiation Preparation: Formulating The Negotiation Concept
items: A Smart Education and Job Market System for School Students
items: Subject Matter of a Crime as a Sign of the Composition of the Crime
items: The System and Powers of State Governance Bodies in The Field of Ecology
items: Legal Regulation of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Proceedings of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Current State and Directions of Development
items: Problem Loans of Commercial Banks and Methods for Their Resolution in Modern Conditions
items: Occurrence of Surgical Diseases and Hoof Diseases in Horses in Bukhara City and Surrounding Districts
items: Legal Regulation and Enforcement of International Commercial Contracts in the Context of Digital Technologies
items: Dynamics of Development of Cultural Processes
items: Legal Mechanisms for the Application of Mediation in the Enforcement Stage of Judicial Acts in Foreign States: A Comparative Legal Analysis
items: Legal Regulation of E-Commerce and Consumer Protection: A Comparative Analysis of the UK, USA, China and Other Jurisdictions
items: Islamic Microfinance Model: Civil Legal Features and Mechanisms
items: The Impact of the Budget Deficit on the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy
items: Analysis of Institutional Frameworks and Mechanisms for Implementing Modern Social Approaches in Turkic States
items: Human Interest and Moral Responsibility in The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies
items: Prospects for the Development of Social Innovations in The Context of The Country's Innovative Development
items: Scientific and Theoretical Content of The Principles of Legal Ensuring of Rational Use of Natural Resources
items: The Socio-Psychological Significance of Play Activity in Developing Interpersonal Communication Among Preschool Children
items: Civil Liability for Infringement of Industrial Property Rights: Legal Nature and Modern Challenges
items: The Impact of Social Isolation on Mental Health
items: Information Security and Culture in a Digital Society

Legal Regulation of Personal Data Protection for Minors in The Digital Environment: A Comparative Legal Analysis
type: item
description: The article examines the legal mechanisms for protecting minors’ personal data in the digital environment. A comparative legal analysis of key foreign regulatory models is conducted: GDPR (EU), Children’s Code (UK), COPPA (USA), LGPD (Brazil) and PIPL (China). Systemic gaps in the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan are identified, and specific proposals for the adoption of a special law on the protection of children's and adolescents' personal data are formulated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Personal data, minors, digital environment, protection of children's data, GDPR, COPPA, Children’s Code, legislation of Uzbekistan, right to be forgotten, profiling.
  topic: keywords
creator: Elnora Bekzodjonovna Mamanorova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 112
ending page: 117

The Phenomenon of Human Dignity in New Uzbekistan
type: item
description: This article analyzes the phenomenon of human dignity in New Uzbekistan within the framework of the social state concept. The new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which officially recognizes the country as a social state, is considered as a solid legal foundation for ensuring human rights and freedoms. The article reveals the priority of the principle “human – society – state” in public policy, the improvement of the social protection system, the development of civil society institutions, and the essence of reforms aimed at enhancing human dignity. In addition, the philosophical and theoretical foundations of the social state are examined based on the views of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The results of the study show that ensuring human interests is a key priority in the process of building a social state.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human dignity, social state, New Uzbekistan, Constitution, civil society, social protection, rights and freedoms, state policy, social justice, development strategy, human interests.
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulnoza Abdurakhim qizi Abduganiyeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 107
ending page: 111

Paradigms of Harmony Between National Traditions and Modernization in The Renewing Uzbek Society
type: item
description: This article analyzes the socio-philosophical paradigms of harmony between national traditions and modernization processes in the renewing society of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the preservation of national values and adaptation to the requirements of modern development in the context of globalization, digitalization, and social transformation. The author evaluates national traditions as an important factor ensuring the spiritual stability of society and interprets modernization not only as a technical and economic process but also as a process of cultural and spiritual renewal. The article also reveals the philosophical essence of the principle of "national form and modern content". Within the framework of the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan, the dialectical connection between national identity, the preservation of spiritual heritage, and ensuring innovative development has been scientifically substantiated. The research results demonstrate the theoretical and practical significance of ensuring the harmony of tradition and modernization within the national development model.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: New Uzbekistan, tradition, modernization, harmony, paradigms, globalization, stability, changes, national form, modern content, modern approaches.
  topic: keywords
creator: Husan Ochilov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 98
ending page: 106

The Interconnection and Distinctive Features of Goals and Mechanisms for Achieving the Human Rights of Specific Categories in Legal Norms
type: item
description: For the first time, Article 54 of our Constitution establishes that ensuring human rights and freedoms is the supreme goal of the state. In this direction, our country is actively harmonizing its national legal framework with universally recognized norms of international law. Ensuring human rights and serving humanity as a whole constitutes the core mission of the United Nations and its bodies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Eshboev Rustam Mavlonkulovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
starting page: 94
ending page: 98

Synergetic Interpretation of Natural-Philosophical Ideas in Medieval Muslim Philosophy: The Legacy of Al-Biruni
type: item
description: The article examines the emergence and conceptual grounding of natural-philosophical ideas in medieval Muslim philosophy, their connection with ancient scientific and philosophical traditions, and their manifestation in al-Biruni's thought as a new methodological synthesis. The central argument is that the Peripatetic, naturalist, kalam-atomist and other intellectual trends of the Muslim East should not be interpreted only as rival schools. They should also be understood as interacting components of a complex synergetic system that explains the relations between being, nature and human experience. Using the IMRAD format, the research applies historical-philosophical reconstruction, comparative conceptual analysis, hermeneutic interpretation and synergetic modelling. The findings show that al-Biruni's natural-philosophical worldview combines empirical observation, critical reasoning, logical argumentation and systemic interpretation. The article substantiates the need to move beyond one-sided materialist or purely theological readings of medieval Muslim philosophy and to study it as an open, complex and dynamic system of knowledge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Al-Biruni, natural philosophy, Muslim philosophy, synergetics, being, atomism, Peripatetics, naturalists, substantial concept, relational concept.
  topic: keywords
creator: Umarova Ruzigul Sheraliyevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
starting page: 87
ending page: 93

Integrated Model of Protecting Children's Rights in The Context of Digital Transformation
type: item
description: This article examines the issues of protecting children’s rights and ensuring legal security in the context of digital transformation in Uzbekistan. The study analyzes the impact of digital technologies on children’s rights, including cyberbullying, harmful online content, violations of personal data privacy, and digital safety challenges. International experiences and national legislation are comparatively studied to identify existing legal and institutional problems in the field. The research substantiates the necessity of integrating legal guarantees with legal education mechanisms in order to effectively protect children in the digital environment. Based on the analysis, an integrated model combining state policy, educational institutions, family, law enforcement agencies, digital platforms, and civil society institutions is proposed. The article emphasizes that strengthening digital literacy and legal awareness among children, parents, and teachers is an essential component of ensuring children’s rights in the digital age. The findings of the study may contribute to improving national legislation and developing preventive mechanisms for children’s digital safety.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital transformation, child rights, digital law, cybersecurity, cyberbullying, digital literacy, legal education, online safety, legal guarantees, personal data protection.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadullayeva Shoxista Davron qizi
creator: Xudayberdiyeva Maftuna Zafar qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
starting page: 79
ending page: 86

Contexts of Ensuring Ecological Stability in The Process of Global Political Threats
type: item
description: This article provides ideas about the current global threats, their forms of formation, scale and impact on humanity. In the last twenty years, the struggles and conflicts for water, called “Blue Gold”, which is considered the greatest threat to humanity, are analyzed. Possible forecasts are given about the scale and estimated damage of this problem for developing countries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Water, global threat, security and stability, “Blue Gold”, water shortage, water conflicts between countries.
  topic: keywords
creator: Boboyeva Mokhim Shukurovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-20
publication date: 2026-05-20
starting page: 75
ending page: 78

Data Breaches and Cyberattacks as a Systemic Threat to Information Security in the Context of Digital Transformation
type: item
description: In the context of the rapid development of digital technologies, accompanied by a significant expansion in the scale of collection, storage, and processing of personal data, the issue of ensuring their confidentiality and security is becoming particularly relevant and is emerging as one of the key challenges of the modern information society. This article examines the essential characteristics of data breaches and cyberattacks, provides a comprehensive analysis of their causes and consequences, and also studies a cyber incident that occurred in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2026. Special attention is paid to identifying systemic vulnerabilities and developing practice-oriented approaches to improving the level of information security of consumers of digital services.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Information security, data breach, cyberattacks, personal data, digital transformation, cyber threats, information protection, cyber incidents, data confidentiality, consumers of digital services, government information systems
creator: Khusanova Gulbahor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
starting page: 71
ending page: 74

Civil-Law Regulation of the Circulation of Precious Metals and Gemstones, Issues of Their Processing, and Prospects for the Development of the Industry in Uzbekistan
type: item
description: This article examines the civil-law regulation of relations connected with the circulation of precious metals and precious stones, contractual mechanisms governing their extraction, processing, supply, and sale, as well as the prospects for further development of this sector in Uzbekistan. The study analyzes international legal doctrines, including the Regalian Right (Jus Regale), the Doctrine of State Ownership, Responsible Sourcing, State Pre-Emptive Rights, and the Traceability Doctrine, which play a significant role in regulating ownership, control, and lawful circulation of natural resources. Special attention is given to international initiatives and standards such as the Kimberley Process, LBMA standards, the Dodd-Frank Act, and OECD recommendations. The article also explores the role of digital technologies, particularly blockchain systems and smart contracts, in ensuring transparency, traceability, and legal security in transactions involving precious stones and metals. The national legislation of Uzbekistan is examined in the context of ongoing reforms aimed at liberalizing the sector, strengthening state control, introducing international standards, and enhancing integration into global mineral supply chains. The author concludes that improving contractual regulation, refining activities, digital monitoring systems, and harmonization with international legal standards are essential for ensuring sustainable development, investment attractiveness, and effective protection of participants’ rights in the precious metals and stones market
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Precious metals, precious stones, civil-law regulation, contractual relations, traceability doctrine, state ownership doctrine, blockchain technology, refining activity, digital monitoring, Kimberley Process, LBMA standards, international legal standards, Uzbekistan legislation, mineral resources, responsible sourcing.
creator: Adolat Settieva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 64
ending page: 70

Negotiation Preparation: Formulating The Negotiation Concept
type: item
description: In contemporary international relations, the success of political negotiations depends directly on the quality of the concept developed during the pre-negotiation phase. This article aims to explore the theoretical methodology and practical mechanisms for formulating a negotiation concept within the framework of international conflict resolution. The study employs qualitative analysis, a systems approach, and comparative political analysis. The article scientifically substantiates a three-stage model for creating an interstate negotiation concept: diagnosing the latent interests of the parties, information-psychological mapping, and institutionalizing BATNA, ZOPA, and "red lines." The practical viability of the proposed theoretical model is demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the 2024 multilateral mediation negotiations on the Gaza Strip (Paris and Doha formats). The research findings indicate that in polarized and asymmetric conflicts, the preparatory concept must possess a highly flexible architecture that accounts for the domestic political constraints of the negotiating states (based on the Two-Level Games theory). This study serves as a crucial scientific and practical guide for international relations specialists, foreign policy analysts, and practicing diplomats in designing strategic negotiations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: International political negotiations, pre-negotiation, negotiation concept, diplomacy, psychological mapping, BATNA, ZOPA, two-level games, conflict resolution.
  topic: keywords
creator: Davlatova Nigora Botir qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 52
ending page: 63

A Smart Education and Job Market System for School Students
type: item
description: The mismatch between school education and labor market demands is a persistent challenge across developing and transitional economies. This paper presents the design, rationale, and international evidence base for a Smart Education and Job Market System – an AI-driven platform that integrates psychometric career assessment, personalized learning roadmaps, real-time labor market analytics, gamification, and multi-role dashboards for school students in Uzbekistan. Drawing on international best practices from Finland, South Korea, Singapore, and leading EdTech initiatives, the study demonstrates how artificial intelligence, explainable machine learning, and behavioral engagement mechanisms can collectively address the structural gap between adolescent career awareness and workforce requirements. The proposed system is positioned as a scalable, multilingual, and offline-capable solution for Central Asian educational contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Career guidance, artificial intelligence, labor market, psychometrics, EdTech, Uzbekistan, explainable AI, gamification.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayfikhujaev Botirkhuja Farkhodkhuja o‘g‘li
creator: Azamatov Abdulaziz Irgashevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 41
ending page: 51

Subject Matter of a Crime as a Sign of the Composition of the Crime
type: item
description: The article examines the category of “subject matter of crime” as one of the key elements of the composition of crime in criminal law. The relevance of the topic is due to the development of information technology, the emergence of digital assets and new forms of ownership, which requires the adaptation of criminal law norms. Based on the analysis of doctrinal approaches, the concept and features of the object of the crime, its relationship and differentiation with the object of encroachment, as well as the difference from the instruments and means of committing a crime are considered. Special attention is paid to the classifications of objects: by physical nature (material and intellectual values), by legal regime (withdrawn from circulation or limited in it) and by cost characteristics as a qualifying feature. The significance of the subject of the crime for the qualification of the act, the delimitation of related structures and the determination of the direction of the encroachment on the example of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan is revealed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: The subject matter of the crime, the classification of the subject matter of the crime, the composition of the crime.
  topic: keywords
creator: Irgashev Ravshan Hamro ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 37
ending page: 40

The System and Powers of State Governance Bodies in The Field of Ecology
type: item
description: This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the system of public administration bodies in the field of ecology and their competencies. The study examines the institutional structure of environmental governance, the distribution of powers, and the effectiveness of inter-agency cooperation. Particular attention is given to the role of digital technologies, public participation, and economic instruments in implementing environmental policy. Based on international experience, recommendations for improving environmental governance are proposed. The findings highlight the need to modernize public administration to ensure environmental safety and achieve sustainable development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecology, public administration, competencies, environmental control, sustainable development, environmental policy, digitalization, public participation, green economy, environmental safety.
  topic: keywords
creator: Absalomova Dilnura Xusniddin qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 31
ending page: 36

Legal Regulation of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Proceedings of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Current State and Directions of Development
type: item
description: This article examines the current state of legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in criminal proceedings of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study analyzes existing normative legal acts governing the use of digital technologies in the investigative, prosecutorial, and judicial stages of criminal proceedings. Special attention is paid to the legal status of AI-generated evidence, the admissibility of algorithmic decision-making in criminal justice, and the compliance of digital tools with procedural guarantees of participants in criminal proceedings. A comparative legal analysis is conducted with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the European Union, and a number of other states. Based on the research, proposals are formulated for improving the legislation of Uzbekistan in the field of AI use in criminal proceedings, taking into account international standards for the protection of human rights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Artificial intelligence, criminal proceedings, digital evidence, algorithmic justice, legal regulation, Uzbekistan, criminal procedure law, digital transformation, human rights, admissibility of evidence.
creator: Davronov Atobek Ravshanovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 26
ending page: 30

Problem Loans of Commercial Banks and Methods for Their Resolution in Modern Conditions
type: item
description: The article provides a definition of problem loans, reveals their role in macroeconomic regulation and in the development of the economy as a whole; examines the regulatory mechanism and methods for their resolution in modern conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Non- performing loan, loan repayment, loan portfolio, financial consulting, legal measures.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ulmasoy Khusan kizi Akhmedova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
starting page: 21
ending page: 25

Occurrence of Surgical Diseases and Hoof Diseases in Horses in Bukhara City and Surrounding Districts
type: item
description: This article presents the results of a monitoring study on the prevalence of hoof and tendon system pathologies in horses in the Bukhara region (Bukhara, Romitan, and Kogon districts) during 2025–2026. The incidence rate was found to range between 14.95% and 26.08%. Structural analysis revealed that aseptic serous tendovaginitis (37.04%) and laminitis (29.62%) were the most prevalent conditions. Additionally, tendon injuries and closed mechanical traumas accounted for 22.22% of cases. The findings indicate that excessive mechanical load, improper management, and unbalanced nutrition play a significant role in the development of distal limb pathologies. The study substantiates the importance of early diagnosis and the improvement of preventive measures in veterinary practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Horses, distal limb pathologies, hoof diseases, tendon diseases, laminitis, tendinitis, tendovaginitis, aseptic inflammation, tendon injuries, veterinary surgery, orthopedic diseases, clinical diagnostics, horse health monitoring, equine locomotor system, sport horses, kupkari horses, preventive measures, veterinary orthopedics, musculoskeletal disorders, Bukhara region.
creator: R.M. Tashtemirov
creator: S.A. Khaydarova
creator: D. U. Khikmatov
creator: M. O. Kahhorov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
starting page: 21
ending page: 25

Legal Regulation and Enforcement of International Commercial Contracts in the Context of Digital Technologies
type: item
description: The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the legal regulation and enforcement of international commercial contracts in the context of the digitalization of the economy. It analyzes modern approaches to electronic and smart contracts, as well as issues related to their legal recognition, enforcement, and protection of the rights of the parties involved. Particular attention is paid to international standards and national legislation governing the use of digital technologies in commercial activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: International commercial contracts, digital technologies, electronic commerce, smart contracts, blockchain, legal regulation, digital economy, enforcement of obligations.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sardor Fakhriddinovich Musayev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 15
ending page: 20

Dynamics of Development of Cultural Processes
type: item
description: Cultural development is a dynamic and multifaceted process influenced by globalization, technological progress, social transformation, and intercultural interaction. In the contemporary world, cultural processes are evolving rapidly under the impact of digital communication, migration, economic integration, and the expansion of global media. This article examines the major contemporary trends in cultural development, including digitalization, globalization, cultural hybridization, preservation of national identity, and the growing role of cultural industries. The study highlights the relationship between culture and social progress while emphasizing the importance of balancing innovation with the preservation of traditional values. The article also discusses challenges related to cultural homogenization and the necessity of intercultural dialogue in modern society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Culture, cultural development, globalization, digitalization, cultural identity, intercultural communication, cultural transformation.
  topic: keywords
creator: F. A. Musayev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 10
ending page: 14

Legal Mechanisms for the Application of Mediation in the Enforcement Stage of Judicial Acts in Foreign States: A Comparative Legal Analysis
type: item
description: This article is devoted to the comparative-legal analysis of the legal mechanisms for applying mediation in the enforcement stage of judicial acts in the legal systems of foreign states — the European Union, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, and Japan — on the basis of comparative-legal methodology. The concept of 'post-judgment mediation', the institutions for reaching agreement in enforcement proceedings, and the empirical impact of mediation on enforcement effectiveness are studied in detail. The article concludes with a theoretical model summarising foreign experience and practical recommendations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Post-judgment mediation, enforcement stage, legal mechanism, enforcement effectiveness, institutions for reaching agreement, comparative law, foreign experience.
  topic: keywords
creator: Teshayev Akmal Jamshid o'g'li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Legal Regulation of E-Commerce and Consumer Protection: A Comparative Analysis of the UK, USA, China and Other Jurisdictions
type: item
description: This article examines legal mechanisms regulating e-commerce and consumer protection in the context of digital transformation. Particular attention is paid to UK distance selling legislation, including requirements for information disclosure, the right of withdrawal, and transparency of contractual terms. The study analyzes US legal approaches, focusing on jurisdictional issues, classification of websites, and the application of UETA and the E-SIGN Act. It also explores China’s mandatory registration system for e-commerce entities, along with regulatory practices in Germany, Kazakhstan, and Singapore. The paper concludes that diverse regulatory models are emerging, combining elements of state control and self-regulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E -commerce, consumer protection, distance selling, jurisdiction, electronic contract, offer and acceptance, personal data, comparative legal analysis, digital economy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Fayziev Farkhod Furkat ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 110

Islamic Microfinance Model: Civil Legal Features and Mechanisms
type: item
description: Islamic microfinance has expanded beyond a niche ethical alternative and is increasingly framed as a legally engineered instrument of financial inclusion. Yet the legal architecture that makes Islamic microfinance enforceable in secular jurisdictions – while remaining Shariah-compliant – remains conceptually under-theorised in comparative legal scholarship. This paper develops a legal typology of Islamic microfinance mechanisms and evaluates their institutional feasibility across regulatory regimes, with implications for emerging jurisdictions in Central Asia, including Uzbekistan. The study applies doctrinal legal analysis, comparative law across three jurisdictions (Malaysia, Indonesia, GCC – illustrated by UAE, Saudi Arabia practice), and institutional (regulatory) framework analysis. Elements of law & economics are used to assess transaction costs, incentive alignment, and enforcement risks. The paper offers a typology of Islamic microfinance contracts (murabaha, musharaka, mudaraba, ijara, salam, istisna, qard hasan, microtakaful) as legal forms of risk allocation; a governance-and-compliance matrix showing how Shariah governance (Shariah boards, audits, disclosure) functions as a hybrid of private ordering and public oversight; and a comparative table linking each mechanism to enforceability constraints, consumer protection tools, and regulatory arbitrage risks. Policy recommendations address licensing, disclosure of “price” (profit rate vs fees), responsible financing, Shariah governance accountability, AML (CFT), data protection, and dispute resolution design for scalable Islamic microfinance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic microfinance; Shariah governance; murabaha; mudaraba; musharaka; consumer protection; disclosure; regulation; dispute resolution.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shamshetov Sharafatdin Sarsenovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 88
ending page: 103

The Impact of the Budget Deficit on the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy
type: item
description: The interaction between fiscal and monetary policy is a central issue in both macroeconomic theory and policy. A budget deficit, especially when persistent, can affect the effectiveness of central bank instruments through several channels: pressure on interest rates, debt “monetization,” and impacts on the availability of financial resources within the economy. This article aims to theoretically and empirically assess how and to what extent the budget deficit influences the effectiveness of monetary policy, to determine how these effects depend on institutional characteristics, and to provide practical recommendations for coordinating fiscal and monetary policies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: State budget, monetary policy, inflation, GDP, public debt.
  topic: keywords
creator: K.F. Inoyatova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 82
ending page: 87

Analysis of Institutional Frameworks and Mechanisms for Implementing Modern Social Approaches in Turkic States
type: item
description: This article examines the institutional frameworks and mechanisms for implementing modern social approaches in Turkic states within the context of globalization and socio-political transformation. The study analyzes the role of education systems, governance structures, and social institutions in shaping contemporary social policies. A comparative approach is applied to identify common patterns and national specificities in countries such as Uzbekistan, Türkiye, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan. The findings reveal that the integration of innovative technologies, competency-based education, and regional cooperation plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of social approaches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Turkic states, social approaches, institutional frameworks, education systems, modernization, social policy, comparative analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jumaniyozova Nasiba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 73
ending page: 81

Human Interest and Moral Responsibility in The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies
type: item
description: This article analyzes issues of human interest and moral responsibility during the application of artificial intelligence technologies. It is highlighted that in modern society, artificial intelligence is being widely implemented in many fields such as medicine, education, economics, management, and information exchange, which, along with its positive potential, also raises complex ethical issues. The article interprets principles such as the priority of human interests, justice, transparency, accountability, privacy of personal data, digital equality, and security as the primary criteria for assessing artificial intelligence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Artificial intelligence, human interest, ethical responsibility, digital ethics, justice, transparency, accountability, personal data, human rights, algorithmic bias, human-centered approach, digital equality.
creator: Madrakhimov Azamat Adilovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 68
ending page: 72

Prospects for the Development of Social Innovations in The Context of The Country's Innovative Development
type: item
description: This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of social innovation development within the context of the country's innovative development. The role of social innovations in the well-being of society, human capital, education, healthcare, employment, and regional development is highlighted. It also reveals the importance of digital transformation, civil society, social entrepreneurship, and management efficiency in this process. The article outlines institutional mechanisms for supporting social innovations, sources of funding, and directions for future development. As a result, it is based on the fact that social innovations are an important factor ensuring the sustainable development and competitiveness of the country.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Social innovations, innovative development, human capital, digital transformation, social entrepreneurship, civil society, regional development, education system, healthcare, employment, management efficiency, sustainable development.
creator: G‘apparov Elyorjon Otabekovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-23
publication date: 2026-04-23
starting page: 62
ending page: 67

Scientific and Theoretical Content of The Principles of Legal Ensuring of Rational Use of Natural Resources
type: item
description: This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of the principles of legal ensuring of the rational use of natural resources. The study analyzes the essence, classification, and role of these principles within environmental law, emphasizing their importance in achieving sustainable development and ecological balance. Special attention is given to the interaction between legal norms and ecological requirements in regulating natural resource use.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural resources, rational use, environmental law, legal principles, sustainability, ecological balance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Xodjayev Azim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
starting page: 54
ending page: 61

The Socio-Psychological Significance of Play Activity in Developing Interpersonal Communication Among Preschool Children
type: item
description: The formation of interpersonal relationships in preschool children is a crucial aspect of early childhood development, significantly influencing their social competence, emotional stability, and future adaptation in society. This article examines the socio-psychological role of educators and parents in fostering interpersonal relationships among children aged 3–6 years. The study explores how family environment, educational settings, and adult-child interactions contribute to the development of communication skills, empathy, cooperation, and prosocial behavior. Using qualitative and observational research methods, the study identifies key factors influencing children’s interpersonal development, including parenting styles, teacher guidance, emotional support, and social modeling. The findings reveal that both educators and parents play a complementary role in shaping children's social interactions, with coordinated efforts leading to more effective outcomes. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for collaborative strategies between families and educational institutions to support holistic child development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Preschool children, interpersonal relationships, parents, educators, socio-psychological development, communication.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rajabova Muxayyo Yusupovna
creator: Qahramonova Gulzoda Faxriddinova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
starting page: 50
ending page: 53

Civil Liability for Infringement of Industrial Property Rights: Legal Nature and Modern Challenges
type: item
description: This article examines the legal nature of civil liability for infringement of industrial property rights, including patents, trademarks, and industrial designs. The study analyzes traditional civil law approaches to liability and evaluates their adequacy in addressing modern challenges arising from digitalization and globalization. Particular attention is given to damages and compensation as primary remedies, as well as the role of intermediaries and technological developments in shaping liability frameworks. The article concludes with proposals for improving national legal systems through the adoption of flexible and adaptive mechanisms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Industrial property, civil liability, infringement, patents, trademarks, damages, compensation, digital environment, enforcement.
  topic: keywords
creator: Usmonqulova Maftuna Vali qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 43
ending page: 49

The Impact of Social Isolation on Mental Health
type: item
description: Human beings are inherently social creatures, and social connection is a fundamental requirement for psychological well-being. This article examines the critical distinction between social isolation—defined as an objective lack of social contact—and loneliness, a subjective emotional experience arising from unmet social needs. The study analyzes various factors contributing to social disconnection, including family problems, physical disabilities, socioeconomic disadvantages, unemployment, and societal stigma. Research indicates that prolonged social isolation poses significant risks to mental health, increasing the likelihood of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, stress-related disorders, and cognitive decline. Particular attention is given to high-risk populations, such as older adults, adolescents, immigrants, and individuals affected by internalized or public stigma. Gender-based differences are also explored, suggesting that while males may experience higher measurable levels of social isolation, females in certain age groups report higher levels of loneliness. To mitigate these negative outcomes, the report proposes practical interventions, including the use of modern technology—such as social media and digital communication platforms—to maintain social ties and foster community engagement, as well as animal companionship, which can provide emotional support, enhance resilience, and reduce feelings of loneliness. Although eliminating social isolation entirely may be difficult, the implementation of evidence-based strategies and proactive social policies can significantly reduce its adverse impact on mental health and global public health outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social isolation, loneliness, mental health, social media, stigma, pet ownership, emotional resilience.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mubinaxon Mahammadova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 36
ending page: 42

Information Security and Culture in a Digital Society
type: item
description: This article analyzes the issues of information security and culture in a digital society. The positive and negative aspects arising in human life as a result of the rapid development of modern information technologies are considered. It also covers issues such as the protection of personal data, their methods and ways, the culture of communication in the digital space, and Internet ethics. At the end of the article, suggestions and recommendations are given on ensuring information security and developing digital culture as a result of the research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Information, culture, information security, digital society, digital culture, cybersecurity, personal data, Internet ethics, cyberbullying, information protection, digital literacy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sodikov Islambek Otabek oglu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 32
ending page: 35