International Journal of Scientific Trends

Study of Biopharmaceutical Properties of Recommended Capsules "Prostad" by in Vitro and in Vivo Method

2025-04-09T20:09:49+00:00

It has been established that the dissolution test characterizes the biological availability of the drug as a first approximation, since in practice there is a very frequent correlation between the rate of dissolution and absorption. The study of the biological availability of drugs, preparations or their dosage forms usually begins with in vitro experiments and ends with in vivo experiments with further research in clinical conditions. The next series of experiments were devoted to studying the rate of release of active substances by the in vitro method from the recommended capsules "Prostad", obtained on the basis of the dry extract "Prostad". At present, there are standardized pharmacopoeial requirements for conducting the "Dissolution" test, which cover devices, dissolution media, temperature conditions, testing duration and statistical methods for processing the obtained results. In this experiment, the generally accepted "Rotating basket" method included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Uzbekistan was used. This report presents the results of studying the pharmacological properties of the dry extract based on the narrow-leaved fireweed "Prostad" recommended for prostatitis by the in vitro and in vivo methods.

Wrestling – A Symbol of Our National Heritage and Sports Traditions

2025-04-09T20:16:22+00:00

This article tells about the history, cultural and sports traditions of the national sport of Uzbekistan - kurash, and its important role in the life of the people. Since ancient times, kurash has been considered a symbol of courage and perseverance of the Uzbek people. The article extensively covers the origin of kurash, its role in national holidays and ceremonies, its ancient techniques, and its development as an international sport based on modern rules. It also discusses the achievements of legendary wrestlers and modern wrestlers who have strengthened the place of kurash in our national heritage. Through this article, readers can deeply feel that kurash is not just a sport, but also a rich heritage that reflects the centuries-old values and culture of the Uzbek people.

Study of the Effect of Water Injection on Successive Oil Layers

2025-04-13T15:58:38+00:00

Artificial waterflooding was also effectively carried out at the fields of the former Kyrgyzneft association, where by this time ten out of 13 developed oil reservoirs were covered by waterflooding. A great deal of work on the introduction of waterflooding was carried out during this period by the teams of the Institute of Geology and Exploration of Oil and Gas Fields (IGEOF), the Department of Development and Operation of Oil and Gas Fields of the Tashkent Polytechnic Institute, the central research laboratories of the former Fergananeft, Andizhanneft oil field administrations and the Kyrgyzneft association.

Research on the Operation of High-Viscosity Deposits

2025-04-13T16:04:35+00:00

Oil and gas have been known to humanity for a long time, and the consumption of products obtained from them in the national economy and the need for them have been increasing year by year.Oil has been used in Uzbekistan since ancient times. Due to its characteristic pungent smell, oil has been used in the fight against agricultural pests.

Exploration of Oil Fields Using Mechanical Methods

2025-04-13T16:11:46+00:00

sequentially changing the state of the products of the oil wells and separating them according to their individual composition and obtaining commodity raw materials. Thus, the technological process separates well products into two streams of raw materials: oil and gas. The technology of collecting, cleaning and using groundwater is considered separately as special processes. This process consists of three consecutive stages: separation; collect; bringing the oil and gas installed for commodity raw materials to their normalized properties. In the third stage, the oil stream is cleaned of formation water and mineral salts, and the hydrocarbons contained in it are separated to stabilize the oil, as a result of which the loss on the roads for sending the oil to processing is avoided. During this stage, hydrocarbons are separated from the gas streams (for degasification) and the product converted into gas and liquefied hydrocarbons. Thus, the third stage is the last stage of oil and gas collection - it is called oil and gas development stage. When oil and gas are processed, their chemical and physical properties change profoundly. Do not confuse recycling with such processing. The movement of oil and gas from measuring devices to their processing point (oil gathering point, gas processing plant) is called oil and gas gathering, and oil and gas transportation is called oil and gas transportation.

Improving Predicting Accuracy by the Method of Least Squares

2025-04-21T08:19:36+00:00

Several predicting methods are analyzed in this paper, including: least squares method, extrapolation method, exponential smoothing method, adaptive smoothing method, mathematical modeling method, band method, matrix method, simulation method. One of these methods is aimed at solving the given problem using the methods of least squares linear regression and second order parabola method (quadratic regression). Currently, issues related to the approximation of points in the plane for calculating the coefficients of the function are relevant. Technologists, designers, and mathematicians use various approximation methods to average any number of measurements. Also in this paper, the analysis and programming of the above methods are aimed at finding the optimal function coefficients and helping the future application of these methods in the analysis of experimental data. In addition, a statistical approach aimed at modeling and predicting the level of fire risk based on the data coming from devices and environmental factors using the method of least squares has been developed.

The Uzbek Taakiyas in Turkey: The Religious, Social, and Economic Role of the Uzbek Taakiya in Uskudar

2025-04-21T08:23:24+00:00

This article examines the political and economic aspects of the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the Uzbek Takiyas. Special attention is given to the Uzbek Takiyas in Istanbul, focusing on state funding allocated to these institutions and the connections between Takiyah sheikhs and the imperial court. Rare archival documents from the Ottoman archives serve as the main source for this research. Although there have been previous studies on this topic [1, B. 200-202; 40-45; 38-43; 27-34], many of them have not fully utilized archival materials. The novelty of this study lies in its presentation of new information regarding not only the religious significance of the Takiyas but also their role within the political and economic system of the Ottoman Empire. In particular, the Uzbek Takiyah in Uskudar played a crucial intermediary role in the relations between the Ottomans and Central Asia. This article analyzes the social, political, and economic activities of this institution based on previously unexplored archival documents.

Diagnosis of Tomato Leaf Diseases Using Fractal Dimension and Box Counting Method Based on Image Analysis

2025-04-21T08:25:38+00:00

Diseases of tomato leaves, such as late blight, bacterial spot, and mosaic virus, pose a significant threat to agricultural production, necessitating early and accurate diagnosis. This study proposes a novel approach to diagnosing tomato leaf diseases based on fractal dimension analysis using the box-counting method. The method involves processing digital leaf images, binarization to highlight textural features, and calculating the fractal dimension, which reflects the complexity of the leaf structure. Experiments were conducted on a dataset of images comprising healthy leaves and leaves affected by various diseases to identify differences in fractal characteristics. The results demonstrate that the fractal dimension of healthy leaves significantly differs from that of diseased leaves and enables differentiation of disease types at early stages. The proposed approach shows potential for automating diagnostics in precision agriculture systems, offering high sensitivity and low implementation costs. Future research directions include integrating the method with machine learning technologies and developing mobile applications for real-time plant health monitoring.

Increasing The Efficiency of Damaged File Detection Tools Based on The Use of Hidden Markov Models

2025-04-21T08:28:48+00:00

This paper reviews a new algorithm developed to improve the performance of file detection based on hidden Markov models (HMM). Hidden Markov models are an effective method for detecting various types of disturbances and damages using time series and probabilities. The algorithm uses learning-based technologies to quickly and accurately detect file corruption. The article is based on recovery of damaged files, detection and analysis of changes in their structure. Monitoring file corruption processes through hidden Markov models increases the possibility of correctly predicting errors. The algorithm's performance is more efficient in more complex structures compared to simple statistics, it quickly detects file integration violations and creates a recovery mechanism. The main part of the article provides a detailed explanation of the mechanisms for explaining and predicting possible file corruption or invalidation using HMM. The new algorithm is designed to improve security and speed up the recovery of damaged files.

The Taxation System and Policies of the Beys in the Surkhan Oasis

2025-04-21T08:33:44+00:00

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the agrarian and taxation system formed in the Surkhan Oasis during the second half of the 19th century — the reign of Emir Muzaffarkhan of Bukhara (1860–1885). It explores the forms of land ownership, the organizational foundations of agricultural activities, types of crops cultivated, and the nature and amounts of taxes levied in the major bekdoms of the oasis — Hisor, Dehnav, Kulob, Baljuvon, Boysun, and Sherabad. In particular, it analyzes the nature of taxes such as kafsan, muhrona, and school fee taxes, their collection mechanisms, and the political-economic approaches of local officials and Bukhara Emirate representatives. Furthermore, the article highlights the social responses of the local population during the tax collection process, instances of discontent, and the socio-economic consequences of the system based on historical sources.

Ecology and Economic Importance of Crows in Different Regions of Uzbekistan

2025-04-22T19:46:28+00:00

This article explores the ecological roles and economic impact of crows in various regions of Uzbekistan. Crows, especially species such as Corvus corone, Corvus frugilegus, and Corvus monedula, are widespread and adapt well to urban and rural environments. The study analyzes their nesting behavior, feeding ecology, seasonal migration patterns, and interactions with human activities. While crows are sometimes considered pests, they also provide essential ecological services such as scavenging and pest control. The article emphasizes the need for region-specific strategies for managing crow populations to maintain ecological balance and minimize agricultural damage.

Micropropagation of Medicinal Plants: Techniques for Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis)

2025-04-22T20:00:51+00:00

Micropropagation is a vital biotechnological tool for the rapid and efficient multiplication of medicinal plants, ensuring the conservation of genetic traits and the production of high-quality plant material. This review focuses on the micropropagation protocols developed for Thymus vulgaris and Rosmarinus officinalis, two aromatic and medicinal species of significant economic importance. The paper discusses the selection of explants, the composition of culture media, the role of plant growth regulators, and the acclimatization processes, providing a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed in the in vitro propagation of these plants.

Micropropagation of Rosmarinus Officinalis and Nigella Sativa for Internal Disease Applications

2025-04-22T20:03:33+00:00

This article explores the micropropagation techniques of two highly valued medicinal plants: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Nigella sativa (black seed). The study outlines protocols for in vitro cultivation using optimized plant tissue culture methods to produce disease-free and genetically stable plantlets. By utilizing Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with specific growth regulators, efficient shoot proliferation and root induction were achieved. Furthermore, the paper investigates the therapeutic applications of the bioactive compounds derived from these plants—such as rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and thymoquinone—in the prevention and treatment of various internal diseases, including inflammatory, oxidative stress-related, and microbial conditions. The integration of micropropagation with hydroponic systems is also discussed as a strategy to enhance the yield and quality of phytochemicals. Overall, the study supports the potential of these plants as natural alternatives or complementary agents in modern medicine and pharmaceutical industries.

Methodological Aspects of Forming Integrated Skills in Students During the Teaching of Special Subjects

2025-04-22T20:06:11+00:00

This article discusses methodological approaches, practical methods and ways to increase their effectiveness in the process of teaching special subjects. Integrated skills are the combined acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, which are important in preparing competitive specialists in the labor market.

The Fauna and Ecology of Rural Swallows: A Comprehensive Study

2025-04-22T20:09:32+00:00

This paper delves into the ecological dynamics of rural swallow populations, focusing on species such as the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and Pacific Swallow (Hirundo tahitica). Swallows are integral to rural ecosystems, serving as natural pest controllers and indicators of environmental health. The study examines their distribution, nesting behaviors, foraging patterns, and the impacts of agricultural practices and human activities on their populations. Through a synthesis of global research and localized observations, the paper aims to provide insights into the factors influencing swallow ecology and to propose conservation strategies to mitigate the challenges they face.

Virus Structure and The Hypotheses Regarding Their Origin

2025-04-22T20:15:02+00:00

This paper explores the structural organization of viruses and the primary hypotheses regarding their origin. Viruses are acellular entities composed of a nucleic acid genome enclosed by a protein capsid, and sometimes a lipid envelope. Their structural simplicity belies a remarkable ability to infect and replicate within host cells. The article reviews three main theories of viral origin: the regressive hypothesis, suggesting viruses evolved from degenerate cells; the progressive hypothesis, proposing an origin from mobile genetic elements; and the virus-first hypothesis, asserting that viruses co-evolved with or even predated cellular life. The discovery of giant viruses has challenged traditional views and suggests a more complex evolutionary history. The paper concludes that while the origin of viruses remains uncertain, their impact on evolution, ecology, and biotechnology is profound and ongoing.

Improving the Mechanisms of Financing Higher Education Institutions with Foreign Capital

2025-04-22T20:20:16+00:00

This article discusses the role, advantages and existing problems of financing with foreign capital in the modernization of the higher education system of Uzbekistan. Based on world experience, mechanisms for attracting foreign investment are analyzed. Also, recommendations are developed to expand the use of foreign financial resources in the higher education system of Uzbekistan. The article is written on the basis of scientific research methods and is based on statistical data, legislative documents and international experience.

Surfactant Therapy in Premature Infants: A Critical Tool in Neonatal Care

2025-04-22T20:24:03+00:00

Premature birth is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality, with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) representing one of the most critical complications. Surfactant therapy has revolutionized the management of RDS in preterm infants, significantly improving survival and reducing pulmonary complications. This article reviews the physiology of surfactant, the pathophysiology of RDS, the types of surfactant preparations available, administration techniques, timing of therapy, and current best practices.

Indicative Characteristics and Models of Innovative Thinking in The Thinking of Youth Today

2025-04-27T06:26:08+00:00

This article analyzes the formation of innovative thinking in the thinking of today's young generation, its main forms of manifestation and development models. Attention is paid to the reflection of innovative thinking in education, technology, social activity and creative processes. The article scientifically highlights the role of young people in solving modern problems, their creative approaches and activities in promoting innovative initiatives.

Methodological Aspects of Forming Integrated Skills in Students During the Teaching of Special Subjects

2025-04-27T06:32:18+00:00

Making Management Decisions of The Prediction System in Objects

2025-04-27T06:36:30+00:00

This scientific work deeply studies the importance, principles and practical application of the predicting system in the process of making management decisions. In order to increase the efficiency of management in objects (enterprises, organizations, structural units), decision-making mechanisms based on predicting models are analyzed. The possibilities of developing strategic and operational plans for a certain period using the predicting system and forming optimal management decisions under conditions of uncertainty are considered. The study analyzes decision-making models based on deterministic and stochastic methods, predicting approaches using artificial intelligence tools. The integration of data analysis, machine learning algorithms and statistical predicting methods into management systems is also considered, and their impact on efficiency is illustrated through practical examples. The scientific work demonstrates how to use predicting results in making management decisions, and the role of modern technologies in improving the quality and speed of decisions, using the example of real sector objects. At the same time, the methodological foundations of the development and implementation of information systems supporting decision-making are also considered. This study may be useful for professionals and researchers working in the fields of control systems, economic modeling, information technology, and decision theory.

Digital Technologies in Agriculture: Innovations and Prospects

2025-04-27T06:38:57+00:00

This article provides information on the importance of the widespread use of digital technologies in agriculture, not only in improving state and public administration, but also in creating great convenience for people in the social sphere and agriculture, improving the quality of products and services, and reducing unnecessary costs.

Reducing Groundwater Pollution through Increased Humus Content and Soil Sorptive Capacity Using Angren Coal Dust

2025-04-27T06:41:07+00:00

This study explores an innovative approach to mitigating groundwater pollution caused by nitrate and nitrite leaching from agricultural soils. By applying coal dust—a by-product of the Angren coal industry—onto cotton and wheat fields, we observed enhanced sorption of nitrogen compounds and improved soil quality. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in nitrate content in groundwater, as well as increased humus content and soil water retention. This method provides a sustainable solution to both environmental pollution and soil degradation in arid agricultural regions.

Machine Learning in Agriculture Tomato Disease Classification Using Random Forest

2025-04-27T06:43:05+00:00

This research discusses the use of the Random Forest algorithm for classifying tomato diseases based on visual characteristics of leaves. The relevance of the study is due to the need to automate the process of diagnosing plant diseases in order to increase productivity and reduce costs. The stages of data processing, feature extraction, model training and the mathematical description of the Random Forest method are presented. The results obtained show high accuracy of classification and demonstrate the potential for introducing intelligent systems into the agricultural sector.